What should you know about bronchiolitis obliterans and vaping?

Bronchiolitis obliterans involves lasting narrowing and scarring of very small airways. Vaping exposes the lungs to an aerosol containing substances that may irritate or inflame them; a symptom after vaping does not by itself prove this condition. Other causes, including infection, asthma or another lung problem, can produce similar [Cough](/symptoms/cough/) and [Wheezing](/symptoms/wheezing/). The common illness [Bronchiolitis](/conditions/bronchiolitis/) is a separate diagnosis, especially in young children.

Stop vaping and avoid second-hand aerosol while symptoms are being assessed. Do not switch to unregulated cartridges or add substances to a device. Record the products used, how often they were used, when symptoms began and whether exercise or sleep makes them worse. Arrange a medical review for symptoms that persist, recur or limit normal activity. A clinician may examine the chest and decide whether breathing tests or imaging are needed. A [Child Health Consultation](/treatments/consultations-and-assessment/child-health-consultation/) can help when the affected person is a child.

Call emergency services for severe difficulty breathing, blue or grey lips, fainting, confusion or inability to speak normally. Seek urgent review for rapidly worsening [Wheezing](/symptoms/wheezing/), chest pain, repeated vomiting with breathing symptoms or unusual drowsiness. A [Fever](/symptoms/fever/) with worsening cough or breathlessness should be assessed promptly, particularly in a child. Do not resume vaping to test whether symptoms return.

Ask whether the symptoms fit airway irritation, infection, asthma or another condition; whether testing is needed; how to manage cravings or nicotine withdrawal; and which warning signs should prompt emergency care. Ask if [Nebuliser Treatment](/treatments/acute-and-urgent-care/nebuliser-treatment/) is appropriate rather than using someone else’s medicine.