Breathlessness at rest: when to seek help

Breathlessness while sitting or lying down may reflect an airway problem, infection, heart rhythm issue or reduced oxygen-carrying capacity. Asthma can narrow airways; acute bronchitis can inflame them. COPD and bronchiectasis may cause ongoing symptoms with cough or mucus. Anaemia can contribute to breathlessness and marked tiredness. Atrial fibrillation may create an irregular, racing heartbeat. Angina is usually linked to chest pressure with exertion, but any new breathing difficulty with chest discomfort deserves attention. Anaphylaxis can progress rapidly with swelling, hives or throat tightness.

Sit upright, stay still and avoid smoke or exertion. Use only medication prescribed for this situation and follow your written asthma or lung-care plan. Ask someone to stay with you if symptoms are significant. Keep track of onset, position, fever, cough, chest discomfort, palpitations, leg swelling and recent exposures. Do not lie flat if that makes breathing harder, and do not delay urgent care to monitor symptoms at home.

Call emergency services now for severe breathing difficulty, blue or grey lips, confusion, collapse, inability to speak comfortably, new chest pressure, or sudden swelling of the lips, tongue or throat. Emergency assessment is also needed if breathlessness began suddenly, is rapidly worsening, or comes with fainting or a fast irregular heartbeat. Even when symptoms are manageable, new breathlessness at rest warrants prompt medical review.

Ask what may be affecting your lungs, heart or blood, and whether you need an oxygen check, ECG, blood work or breathing tests. Ask how to use prescribed inhalers and what specific change means you should call emergency services.