What to know about a breast lump

A lump may arise from normal breast tissue, a fluid-filled cyst, inflammation or another non-cancerous change. Breast cancer can also form a lump. Firmness, mobility, tenderness and shape may help a clinician plan the assessment, but none of these features can rule cancer in or out by touch.

Assessment usually combines a medical history, breast and lymph-node examination, and imaging suited to the person and the finding. If an abnormal area needs clarification, a breast biopsy removes cells or tissue for examination. The pathology result, rather than the way the lump feels, establishes whether cancer is present.

Arrange an appointment and describe the lump’s location, when you noticed it, and any nipple, skin or armpit changes. Mention pregnancy, breastfeeding, previous breast procedures and close relatives with breast or ovarian cancer because these details can shape the evaluation.

Avoid trying to diagnose the lump by comparing it with pictures or repeatedly squeezing it. Attend recommended imaging and follow through until you understand the result and whether further testing is required.

Promptly seek assessment if a lump is new, enlarging or persistent, or if it accompanies armpit swelling, skin dimpling, a new inward-turning nipple, bloody discharge, or a change in breast shape. Urgent care is appropriate when breast redness or swelling comes with fever or feeling very unwell, as infection may need rapid treatment.

Ask which imaging test fits the finding, what the result category means, whether a biopsy is needed, and how you will receive results. If observation is advised, request a clear follow-up plan and instructions about which changes should bring you back sooner.