When should bone-density screening be considered?

A DEXA scan uses low-dose X-rays to estimate bone mineral density, usually at the hip and lower spine. The result helps a clinician assess bone strength and future fracture risk alongside clinical factors; it does not predict exactly whether a fracture will occur. Age matters because bone loss and fracture risk change over time, but earlier menopause, premature ovarian insufficiency, a fragility fracture, long-term use of bone-affecting medicines, low body weight and some hormonal or digestive disorders may justify assessment sooner.

Tell the clinician about fractures caused by minor falls, family history of hip fracture, menopause timing, smoking, alcohol intake, mobility and all regular medicines. Mention pregnancy or the possibility of pregnancy before imaging. For the appointment, follow the centre's instructions about calcium supplements and wear clothing without metal where practical. The scan is usually performed while lying on a padded table. Keep the report for future comparison, because repeat timing depends on the initial result and whether treatment or risk factors change.

Arrange an assessment if a minor fall or ordinary movement results in a fracture, or if you have a condition or treatment known to weaken bone. New severe back pain after minimal strain, loss of height, or a newly stooped posture can signal a vertebral fracture and should be evaluated rather than waiting for a screening invitation. Sudden inability to bear weight after a fall, severe hip or back pain, numbness, weakness, or loss of bladder or bowel control requires urgent medical care.

Ask which personal factors support having the scan now, how the result will be interpreted for your age and sex, and whether blood tests are needed to look for causes of bone loss. If density is low, discuss weight-bearing activity, nutrition, fall prevention and whether medicine is appropriate. Also ask when reassessment would change management rather than repeating the scan automatically.