Copper IUD device: how it works and what to expect

A copper IUD is a small hormone-free device placed in the uterus to provide ongoing contraception.

IUD means intrauterine device. The device has a plastic frame with copper and is fitted through the cervix by a trained healthcare professional. It is not the same as a hormonal IUD, which releases a progestogen. Thin threads extend into the vagina so its position can be checked and removal can be performed.

Copper changes the local environment in the uterus and affects sperm movement and function, making fertilisation less likely. It works without daily action and without releasing contraceptive hormones. It does not protect against sexually transmitted infections, so separate barrier protection may still be useful when infection prevention is needed.

The copper IUD is used for contraception when a person wants a hormone-free option that remains in place. A clinician discusses medical history, pregnancy possibility, bleeding patterns and infection risk before insertion. The device may also be considered for emergency contraception in some circumstances, but timing and suitability require prompt professional advice.

Read the [Copper Coil](/treatments/contraception-and-family-planning/copper-coil/) page for information about the treatment pathway and practical expectations.

Alternatives include condoms, contraceptive pills, injections, implants, patches, vaginal rings and hormonal IUDs. Each option differs in hormones, user involvement, bleeding effects, duration and suitability. A clinician can compare these features with your preferences, health conditions and plans for pregnancy.

Insertion can cause cramping or discomfort, and bleeding patterns may change afterwards. Check the threads as advised and attend follow-up if arranged. Contact a healthcare professional promptly for severe or worsening pelvic pain, fever, unusual discharge, very heavy bleeding, a positive pregnancy test, or concern that the device has moved or come out.

How long the device can remain in place depends on its specific product and your clinician’s advice. It can be removed earlier if you want pregnancy or a different contraceptive method. Do not try to remove it yourself. Before fitting, disclose allergies, recent unprotected sex, possible pregnancy, pelvic symptoms and relevant medical history.