What does Wilms tumour mean in children?

Wilms tumour is also called nephroblastoma. It develops from immature kidney-related cells and is seen mainly in young children. A swelling or mass in the abdomen may be noticed during washing or dressing, although a child may not describe pain. Other possible signs include abdominal discomfort, blood in the urine, fever, reduced appetite, or changes in energy. These signs can have many causes, so they do not by themselves establish a tumour diagnosis.

Assessment may include an examination, imaging of the abdomen, urine or blood tests, and discussion with a paediatric oncology team. The team considers the kidney findings and the child’s general health before recommending treatment.

Arrange a prompt appointment with the child’s paediatrician or family doctor if a persistent abdominal swelling, blood in the urine, or unexplained symptoms are present. Bring a short record of when the change began, whether it is growing, and any fever, vomiting, urine changes, or appetite changes. Do not press repeatedly on a visible or felt abdominal mass.

If imaging identifies a kidney mass, ask which specialist will coordinate care and which tests are planned. Treatment can involve surgery, medicines, or other approaches selected according to the tumour’s features and the child’s needs.

Seek urgent medical help if the child has severe or rapidly worsening abdominal pain, repeated vomiting, marked drowsiness, difficulty breathing, fainting, or heavy blood in the urine. Contact the care team promptly for new swelling, worsening pain, fever, or a child who is drinking and urinating much less than usual.

Useful questions include: Which tests will clarify the kidney finding? Does the child need referral to paediatric oncology? What symptoms should prompt urgent review? How will treatment affect school, eating, activity, and follow-up?