Why is oestradiol used in vaginal oestrogen therapy?

Oestradiol is a form of oestrogen. Applied inside the vagina, it acts mainly on nearby tissues that may have become thinner, drier or less flexible after menopause or another fall in oestrogen. This may improve dryness, burning, irritation and discomfort during sex. It can also help urinary symptoms caused by changes around the urethra and bladder opening.

Vaginal treatment is different from hormone treatment that circulates throughout the body. The product, dose and schedule depend on whether it is supplied as a cream, tablet, gel or ring. Improvement may take time, and symptoms can return when treatment stops.

Use the prescribed amount and follow the instructions for insertion or application. Tell the prescriber about unexplained vaginal bleeding, a history of hormone-sensitive cancer, blood clots, liver disease or pregnancy concerns before starting. Mention every medicine and vaginal product you use, because some products can affect comfort or absorption.

Keep follow-up appointments so symptoms and any bleeding can be reviewed. Do not change the schedule because symptoms improve or persist without discussing it with the clinician.

Contact a clinician promptly for new or persistent vaginal bleeding, a breast change, severe pelvic pain or an allergic reaction such as swelling or trouble breathing. Seek urgent help for sudden chest pain, difficulty breathing, or one-sided leg swelling and pain.

Ask which formulation suits your symptoms, when improvement should be assessed, whether bleeding is expected, and how long to continue. You can also ask what to do if a dose is missed and whether a moisturiser or lubricant can be used alongside treatment.