Why do uterine fibroids cause heavy periods?

Heavy Periods is a very common presentation of Uterine Fibroids. Fibroids grow in the uterine wall or near the cavity. They can increase the surface area of tissue that sheds during menstruation, make the uterus contract less effectively and change blood vessels around the lining. These effects may lead to heavier flow, longer bleeding or clots.

The amount of bleeding does not always match the number or size of fibroids. Fibroids near the cavity are more likely to affect menstrual flow, while other types may cause pressure or pain instead. Heavy periods can also come from adenomyosis, hormonal changes, bleeding disorders, medicines or pregnancy-related causes.

Arrange a gynaecology appointment if heavy bleeding is affecting work, sleep, exercise or daily activities. Record how often you change pads or tampons, bleeding duration, clots, pain and tiredness. A clinician may check for anaemia, examine you and request ultrasound. Treatment can include medicines, monitoring or a procedure, guided by fibroid location, symptoms and pregnancy plans.

Seek urgent help if bleeding causes fainting, severe dizziness, breathlessness, chest discomfort or marked weakness, or if severe pelvic pain or fever occurs. Prompt assessment is also needed for possible pregnancy with heavy bleeding or pain. Even without urgent symptoms, ongoing heavy periods deserve review because blood loss can lead to iron deficiency.

Ask whether your bleeding may be causing anaemia, where the fibroids are located, which medicines are suitable, and how each treatment could affect fertility and future pregnancy.