Why does stasis dermatitis cause skin ulcers?

Stasis dermatitis is linked with poor return of blood through the veins of the lower leg. Fluid can collect around the ankle and shin, stretching the skin and making it fragile. Inflammation may cause itching, redness, scaling, and thickening. Scratching, rubbing, or a minor knock can then break the surface. Reduced circulation and ongoing swelling can slow the delivery of oxygen and nutrients needed for repair, allowing an open sore to persist.

A stasis ulcer often appears near the ankle, but an open wound can have several causes. A clinician may examine the leg, check circulation, and consider infection or another type of ulcer before confirming the explanation.

Arrange a clinical assessment for any open sore on a swollen or inflamed leg. Keep the area clean and covered with a suitable dressing, and avoid picking the skin. Elevate the leg when resting if a clinician has advised that this is appropriate. Treatment may address swelling, venous circulation, moisture balance, and the underlying dermatitis. Do not start tight compression without a circulation assessment, because compression is not suitable for every person.

Seek prompt medical care if the ulcer is becoming larger or deeper, the surrounding skin is increasingly red or hot, pain is worsening, or drainage has an unpleasant smell. Fever, chills, feeling faint, or rapidly spreading redness can signal a more serious infection and need urgent assessment. Sudden one-sided leg swelling or severe calf pain also deserves immediate medical attention.

Ask whether the sore is consistent with a venous ulcer, whether leg circulation should be tested before compression, which dressing suits its drainage, and how to control itching without damaging the skin.