Why does pelvic inflammatory disease cause painful periods?

During a period, the uterus contracts to shed its lining. Pelvic inflammatory disease can leave the uterus, tubes, cervix, or nearby tissues irritated and tender. Those normal contractions may then be felt as stronger cramping or a deeper pelvic ache. Inflammation can also cause pain between periods, discomfort during sex, unusual discharge, or bleeding at unexpected times.

A change from your usual period pattern deserves attention. Painful periods have many possible explanations, including conditions unrelated to infection, so cramps alone cannot identify pelvic inflammatory disease.

Arrange a clinical assessment if period pain is new, worsening, unusually deep, or accompanied by discharge, bleeding after sex, fever, or pain when passing urine. Note when pain begins, where it is located, how long it lasts, and whether it appears outside menstruation. A clinician may discuss an examination and tests for infection. Use only pain relief that is appropriate for your health and pregnancy status, following the label or medical advice.

Get urgent help for severe pelvic pain, fainting, vomiting, high fever, heavy bleeding, or pelvic pain when pregnancy is possible. Seek prompt care if pain is rapidly worsening or you feel very unwell. Early treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease can reduce the chance of ongoing inflammation and complications affecting reproductive organs.

Could infection be contributing to my period pain? Which tests should I have? What treatment is suitable if pelvic inflammatory disease is confirmed, and when should I return if the pain does not settle?