Why does meningioma cause persistent headache?

Meningiomas arise from the membranes around the brain and spinal cord. As one grows, its position can irritate surrounding membranes or put pressure on nearby structures. If it interferes with fluid circulation, pressure inside the skull may change. Headache can then be persistent, newly different, worse with coughing or straining, or more noticeable on waking.

Headache patterns vary, and common conditions such as migraine, tension headache, sinus disease or medication overuse can cause persistent pain too. The symptom by itself cannot identify its cause. A clinician uses the history and neurological examination to decide whether imaging is needed.

Arrange medical review for a new headache that persists, changes pattern or comes with visual symptoms, vomiting, seizures, weakness, numbness, balance problems or changes in speech or memory. Record when the pain occurs, where it is felt, what makes it worse, and which medicines you have taken.

Assessment may include a neurological examination and brain imaging. Do not increase pain medicine repeatedly without advice, because frequent use can itself maintain headaches and can hide a changing pattern.

Call emergency services for a sudden severe headache, a seizure, new weakness on one side, trouble speaking, collapse, severe confusion or repeated vomiting. These symptoms need urgent assessment regardless of the eventual cause.

What features of my headache need investigation? Do I need brain imaging? Which warning signs should prompt emergency care? How can I manage pain while the cause is being assessed?