Why Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause Causes Vaginal Dryness

Oestrogen helps maintain the vaginal lining, natural secretions, acidity and flexibility. When oestrogen levels fall, the lining may become thinner and less able to retain moisture. The tissues can feel tight, raw, itchy or irritated, and friction may cause burning or pain during sex. Similar changes can affect the vulva and urinary opening.

Dryness can also be worsened by scented products, some medicines, dehydration or treatments that affect hormones. Other causes, such as infection or a skin condition, can produce similar symptoms, so persistent or unusual changes deserve an assessment.

Use a vaginal moisturiser regularly if it suits you, and apply a water-based or silicone-based lubricant for sexual activity. Avoid douching, perfumed soaps and products that sting. Take time for arousal and stop if tissue becomes painful or irritated.

If dryness continues, ask a clinician about local vaginal oestrogen or another suitable treatment. The choice depends on your symptoms, health history and any hormone-sensitive conditions. Treatment can address more than discomfort by supporting the health of vaginal and urinary tissues.

Arrange care for dryness that persists, causes cracks, affects sex or comes with pain, bleeding, sores, unusual discharge or urinary burning. Seek prompt help for severe pain, fever, heavy bleeding or feeling very unwell. A clinician can check for infection, skin changes and other causes before recommending treatment.

Ask whether your symptoms fit Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause, which moisturiser or lubricant is suitable, and whether local hormone treatment is appropriate. Mention bleeding, discharge, urinary symptoms, medicines and any history that affects hormone choices.