Why do endometrial polyps cause breakthrough bleeding?

An endometrial polyp is a growth from the lining inside the uterus. Its surface may be delicate, and movement of the lining during the menstrual cycle can irritate it. Small blood vessels in or around the growth may then bleed outside the expected period. The spotting may be light or more noticeable, and it can occur after sex or at varying points in the cycle. Hormonal changes can also make the lining build and shed irregularly. Breakthrough bleeding has several possible causes, so the symptom alone does not identify a polyp.

Track when the bleeding starts, how long it lasts, whether it follows sex, and whether you use hormonal contraception. Arrange a gynaecology assessment if the pattern persists, returns, or is new for you. An ultrasound may help assess the uterine lining, while a clinician may discuss further examination if a polyp needs a closer look. Do not stop prescribed contraception without advice.

Seek urgent medical help if bleeding is heavy enough to make you feel faint, weak, short of breath, or unwell, or if it comes with severe pelvic pain. Prompt assessment is also sensible for bleeding during pregnancy or after menopause.

Could a polyp explain the timing and pattern of my bleeding? What examination or scan would clarify the cause? If a polyp is found, which treatment options fit my symptoms and reproductive plans?