Why does COVID-19 cause shortness of breath?

Breathlessness can feel like needing more air, being unable to take a satisfying breath, or becoming winded with a task that is normally easy. In COVID-19, airway irritation, cough, fever, and lung inflammation can each add to that feeling. Shortness of Breath is a very common presentation of COVID-19. It can also arise from asthma, heart conditions, anxiety, blood clots, and other problems, so it needs attention based on its severity and pattern.

Stop and rest in an upright position, loosen tight clothing, and avoid exertion. Use any prescribed inhaler exactly as directed for you; do not borrow another person’s medicine. Note whether breathlessness occurs at rest, while speaking, or during gentle activity, as this helps a clinician assess the change. Follow current local advice about testing and reducing contact if COVID-19 is possible.

Seek emergency help now for severe or worsening breathlessness, inability to speak comfortably in full sentences, chest pressure or pain, confusion, fainting, blue-grey lips or face, or a sudden marked change from your usual breathing. Do not drive yourself if you feel faint or severely unwell. Contact a clinician the same day for new breathlessness that is not severe but is persistent or worsening.

Describe when the breathlessness began, what activity brings it on, and whether cough, fever, wheeze, leg swelling, or chest discomfort is present. Ask whether you need an examination, oxygen measurement, or a review of existing asthma or heart treatment.