Why does cholera cause diarrhoea?

Cholera is an intestinal infection caused by bacteria. After the bacteria reach the small intestine, they produce a toxin that changes how intestinal cells move salts. Water follows those salts into the bowel, producing very watery stools. The loss is fluid rather than inflammation damaging the bowel wall.

Diarrhoea is a very common presentation of Cholera. Loose stools have many other causes, so diarrhoea alone cannot identify cholera. The main immediate concern with profuse watery diarrhoea is dehydration, because the body can lose water and essential salts quickly.

Start replacing fluids as soon as diarrhoea begins. An oral rehydration solution is designed to replace water and salts together; use it according to the packet instructions when available. Continue breastfeeding or usual food if the person can manage it, and seek medical advice promptly for suspected cholera or ongoing watery diarrhoea.

Wash hands carefully after using the toilet and before preparing food. Use safe drinking water and avoid preparing food for other people while you have diarrhoea when possible.

Seek urgent medical care for signs of dehydration such as unusual sleepiness, confusion, fainting, very little urine, inability to drink, or worsening weakness. Babies, older adults, pregnant people, and people with long-term health conditions can become unwell quickly and should be assessed early.

Ask whether testing is needed, how to prepare and use oral rehydration solution, whether anyone in your household needs assessment, and which symptoms mean you should return urgently. Mention recent travel, water exposure, and food shared with others.