When to worry about shortness of breath with anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can cause swelling or narrowing of the throat and airways. Wheezing, a hoarse voice, throat tightness, trouble swallowing, coughing, dizziness, or collapse may appear with breathing difficulty. Skin symptoms such as hives may be absent, so do not wait for a rash before acting. Symptoms can progress quickly and may return after initial improvement.

Use the adrenaline auto-injector into the outer thigh through clothing if necessary, following its instructions. Call emergency services and say that anaphylaxis is suspected. Lie down with legs raised unless breathing is easier sitting up; keep still and do not walk around. If vomiting, turn onto the side. If symptoms do not improve or return and another injector is available, follow emergency guidance about using it. Do not rely on antihistamines alone for breathing symptoms.

Emergency help is needed for any breathing difficulty after a possible allergen, especially with throat swelling, wheezing, faintness, confusion, or collapse. Stay with the person until help arrives. Even after improvement, hospital assessment is needed because the reaction can recur and further observation or treatment may be required.

Ask what triggered the reaction, how to use and replace your auto-injectors, whether you need an allergy referral, and how to create an emergency action plan. Check that family, friends, school, or workplace contacts know where the injector is kept and how to call for help.