When to worry about hair loss with scalp ringworm

Scalp ringworm is a fungal infection affecting scalp skin and hair. It may cause round areas of reduced hair, short broken hairs, itching, scale, redness, or black-dot stubble where hairs break near the surface. A tender, soft swelling with pus or crust can represent a more intense inflammatory reaction. Hair loss with a smooth, non-scaly patch may have a different explanation and needs examination.

Arrange prompt medical care because scalp infection commonly needs an oral antifungal medicine. Keep combs, brushes, hats, towels, and pillowcases separate, and clean items that touch the scalp. Avoid sharing hair tools, scratching, tight hairstyles, and unprescribed steroid creams. Tell the clinician about affected household members or pets, since contact can help the infection spread.

Seek prompt care for rapidly increasing loss, severe tenderness, marked swelling, pus, fever, or swollen glands in the neck. Arrange an early assessment for a child with a new patch or for changes involving eyebrows or eyelashes. A smooth shiny area, persistent inflammation, or worsening symptoms despite treatment also needs reassessment.

Ask whether a fungal test is needed, which medicine and shampoo are appropriate, and how to protect household contacts. Ask when improvement should be checked and whether family members or pets need assessment.