When should you see a doctor about vaginal dryness?

Vaginal dryness can reflect lower oestrogen, irritation from fragranced products, some medicines, breastfeeding, stress, or reduced arousal. It commonly occurs during perimenopause or menopause and may be part of genitourinary syndrome of menopause. Premature ovarian insufficiency is another possible reason for low oestrogen and cycle changes. Dryness alone does not establish a diagnosis.

A clinician can ask about pain, itching, discharge, bleeding, urinary burning, periods, contraception, medicines, pregnancy possibility, and sexual comfort. An examination is not always needed, but persistent or unexplained symptoms deserve a tailored assessment.

Avoid douching and scented washes, use a plain moisturising product intended for vaginal use, and consider a water-based lubricant during sex. Stop any product that stings. Tell your clinician if symptoms began after a medicine or treatment. Depending on your history, options may include [Vaginal Oestrogen Therapy](/treatments/menopause-and-hormone-therapy/vaginal-oestrogen-therapy/) or broader [Hormone Replacement Therapy](/treatments/menopause-and-hormone-therapy/hormone-replacement-therapy/).

Arrange prompt medical review for bleeding after sex, bleeding after menopause, new pelvic pain, sores, unusual discharge, fever, or painful urination. Seek urgent help for heavy bleeding, severe pain, fainting, or difficulty passing urine. Do not assume bleeding is caused by dryness without an examination.

Could menopause, perimenopause, genitourinary syndrome of menopause, or another condition explain this? Which lubricant or moisturiser is suitable? Would vaginal oestrogen be safe for me, and what symptoms should prompt a follow-up?