When is exercise therapy recommended for osteoarthritis?

Osteoarthritis can make a joint feel stiff after rest and may lead you to avoid movement. That avoidance can reduce muscle support around the joint. A tailored programme may use gentle range-of-motion work, strengthening and low-impact aerobic activity to improve confidence and function without placing unnecessary strain on the joint.

A physiotherapist can assess the affected joint, walking or movement pattern, strength and the activities you want to resume. Begin with manageable sessions and increase the challenge gradually. Mild, short-lived discomfort can occur, but exercise that causes sharp pain, marked swelling or a clear worsening that does not settle should be paused and reviewed. Helpful options may include controlled strengthening, water-based exercise, cycling or walking, depending on the joint involved.

Arrange an assessment if pain is new, persistent or interfering with sleep, work or self-care before starting a demanding programme. Seek prompt medical care after an injury that causes sudden severe pain, visible deformity, inability to bear weight, a hot red joint with fever, or sudden loss of movement.

Ask which movements are suitable for the affected joint, how to modify exercise during a flare, what level of discomfort is acceptable, and when your plan should be reviewed.