What to know about osteoporosis in older adults

Osteoporosis often develops without pain until a fracture occurs. The spine, hip and wrist are common fracture sites, but any bone can be affected. A spinal fracture may cause sudden back pain, height loss or a change in posture. Diagnosis and planning consider bone density together with previous fractures, falls, medicines and other health factors.

The condition is manageable, but it deserves an active plan because fear of movement can lead to weakness and further loss of confidence.

A physiotherapist can prescribe resistance, balance and posture exercises with attention to spinal safety. Keep moving within comfortable limits and learn how to lift, bend and turn without sudden loaded twisting. Improve home lighting, remove trip hazards, use handrails and address vision or footwear problems.

Have medicines and nutrition reviewed. Adequate calcium and vitamin D may be obtained from food or supplements when advised. Bone-strengthening medication is considered according to fracture risk and personal health; take it exactly as prescribed.

Seek prompt assessment after a fall or minor impact followed by new bone or back pain, difficulty walking, loss of height or a change in posture. Urgent care is needed for severe pain, inability to stand, limb deformity, new weakness or numbness, or loss of bladder or bowel control. Do not resume strenuous activity until an injury has been assessed.

Ask whether you need a bone density assessment, how your fracture risk is being judged, which exercises and movements are safe, and whether your medicines increase falls or bone loss. Ask how to take any prescribed bone treatment and when follow-up is needed.