What to know about osteoarthritis in older adults

Osteoarthritis commonly involves the knees, hips, hands or spine. Stiffness may be more noticeable after rest, while pain can increase with loading or repeated use. Reduced strength, balance or confidence may then make ordinary tasks harder. Symptoms vary between people, and an X-ray finding does not always match how much discomfort someone feels.

A healthcare professional can assess the joint, walking pattern, strength and other possible causes of pain. The aim is to preserve function and make movement more manageable.

Regular, suitably paced movement helps maintain strength and joint motion. A physiotherapist can tailor exercises for the affected joint, including strengthening, balance work and safe activity practice. Break demanding tasks into smaller periods, use supportive footwear when appropriate, and consider a walking aid if a professional recommends one.

Weight changes, sleep problems and low mood can influence pain and activity. Discuss a combined plan with your clinician. Medicines, injections or surgery may be options for some people, depending on the joint, examination findings and effect on daily life.

Book an assessment when pain or stiffness is limiting washing, dressing, stairs, work or sleep, or when the joint repeatedly gives way. Seek prompt medical care for a suddenly swollen, hot or red joint, fever, inability to bear weight, a new deformity or severe pain after a fall. These signs may indicate an injury or another joint problem.

Ask which diagnosis best fits your symptoms, what exercise intensity is appropriate, whether a walking aid could help, and how to use any prescribed medicine safely. If daily activities remain restricted, ask when a specialist review or joint replacement discussion would be appropriate.