What Is the First Treatment for a Vertebral Compression Fracture?

A vertebral compression fracture occurs when a spinal bone partially collapses, often causing sudden back pain, tenderness, and difficulty changing position. The clinician checks strength, sensation, reflexes, posture, and imaging findings. Most early plans aim to control pain without prolonged bed rest, because gentle safe movement helps reduce stiffness and loss of conditioning. A brace may be considered for selected people, depending on the level and stability of the fracture.

Use medicines only as directed and avoid heavy lifting, repeated bending, and twisting until you receive a personalised plan. Short, gentle walks may be encouraged when safe. Physiotherapy can teach spine-protective movement, posture, and gradual strengthening. The team may also assess osteoporosis and discuss bisphosphonate therapy or another bone-strengthening approach. Procedures such as kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty are reserved for selected cases when pain remains severe or other findings support them.

Seek emergency help for new leg weakness, numbness around the inner thighs or genitals, loss of bladder or bowel control, or inability to walk. Urgent assessment is also needed for fever with severe back pain, major trauma, or pain that rapidly escalates. These symptoms may signal nerve involvement, infection, or a more serious injury.

Ask whether the fracture is stable, which movements and loads to avoid, and whether a brace is appropriate. Discuss bone-strength testing, treatment to reduce future fracture risk, and the findings that would make a spinal procedure worth considering.