What happens if vulvar cancer is not treated?

A tumour can cause a sore, thickened area, bleeding, discharge, pain, or a new lump. Persistent itching may continue or become more disruptive. As growth extends, it may affect the urethra, vagina, anus, or surrounding skin. Lymph-node involvement can occur, and more advanced disease may affect distant organs.

These symptoms do not by themselves diagnose cancer. Skin conditions, infections, cysts, and other problems can look similar, so a clinical examination and, when needed, a biopsy are used to find the cause.

Contact a gynaecology service if you have a persistent vulvar change or have already been told that cancer is present. Bring a list of symptoms, medicines, and prior tests. Depending on the findings, care may involve tumour removal surgery, radiotherapy, or both. The treatment plan is tailored to the tumour's site, size, and spread.

Seek urgent care for heavy bleeding, severe pain, inability to pass urine or stool, rapidly increasing swelling, fever with a worsening wound, faintness, or sudden weakness. Notify your treatment team quickly if a lesion changes rapidly or symptoms interfere with eating, drinking, sleep, or walking.

Ask whether a biopsy is needed, how far the tumour extends, whether lymph nodes need assessment, what treatment is recommended, and how treatment may affect comfort, urination, bowel function, and sexual wellbeing.