What happens if rubella is not treated?

Rubella can cause a fine rash, fever, swollen glands, joint pain, or few symptoms. In many people it settles without a specific antiviral treatment. That does not make it harmless: a person can pass the virus to others before or around the time symptoms appear.

Infection during pregnancy can affect the developing baby and may lead to serious congenital problems, including hearing, eye, heart, or developmental complications. The risk is particularly concerning early in pregnancy. A pregnant person who may have been exposed should contact a healthcare professional promptly rather than waiting for a rash to develop.

Contact a GP for advice if you develop a rash with fever or swollen glands, or if you have had close contact with suspected rubella. Call before attending a clinic so the team can reduce exposure to pregnant people and others who are not immune. Diagnosis may involve your symptoms, exposure history, and testing.

Avoid close contact with pregnant people until a clinician advises that it is safe, and follow local public-health guidance. Rest, drink fluids, and use suitable symptom relief only as advised. MMR vaccination prevents future rubella infection but does not treat an infection that has already started.

Seek prompt advice if you are pregnant, might be pregnant, or have been exposed to rubella. Get urgent help for severe headache, confusion, breathing difficulty, a rapidly worsening illness, or a child who is unusually drowsy. Mention any recent travel, exposure, or vaccination history.

Ask: Could my symptoms be rubella or another rash illness? Do I need testing? How long should I avoid contact with others? What should I do if I am pregnant or have been exposed during pregnancy? Am I due an MMR vaccination?