What happens if premature ovarian insufficiency is not treated?

Premature ovarian insufficiency means the ovaries are working less consistently earlier than expected. Periods may become irregular or stop, ovulation may be unpredictable, and getting pregnant can become more difficult, although occasional ovulation can occur. Low oestrogen may cause hot flushes, sleep or mood changes, vaginal dryness and discomfort during sex. Over time, it can reduce bone strength and may affect cardiovascular health. These effects are not a reason to blame yourself, and symptoms can differ widely.

The diagnosis also deserves review because causes can include genetic, autoimmune, medical or treatment-related factors. A clinician can tailor care to your symptoms, pregnancy plans and other health needs.

Arrange an appointment with a gynaecology or hormone specialist. Evaluation may include symptom history, pregnancy testing, hormone tests and assessment of bone health. Hormone Replacement Therapy may be discussed to replace hormones until the usual age of menopause when appropriate; it is different from contraception and does not prevent every pregnancy. Ask about fertility options if pregnancy is a goal, and consider calcium, vitamin D, weight-bearing activity and avoiding smoking as part of bone care.

Seek prompt medical advice for very heavy bleeding, severe pelvic pain, a positive pregnancy test with pain or bleeding, or new symptoms after starting hormones. Arrange a review if periods stop, hot flushes are troublesome, vaginal dryness causes pain, or you are worried about bone health. A Bone Density Scan may be recommended when your clinician needs to assess bone strength.

Ask what may have caused the ovarian changes, whether you need hormone treatment, how fertility can be assessed, when bone checks are needed, and which symptoms should prompt an earlier review.