What happens if meningitis is not treated?

Meningitis affects the protective coverings around the brain and spinal cord. It may be caused by different infections or by non-infectious inflammation, and the treatment depends on the cause. Untreated illness can progress to swelling around the brain, seizures, reduced consciousness, hearing problems, nerve injury or infection spreading through the bloodstream. A rash may be absent, especially early, so waiting for every symptom can be dangerous.

Headache, fever, vomiting, light sensitivity and neck stiffness can occur with meningitis. A person may become confused, unusually sleepy or difficult to wake. Babies and older adults may show less typical signs.

Treat suspected meningitis as an emergency. Call emergency services or go to an emergency department immediately rather than waiting for a routine GP Consultation. Do not drive yourself if confused, faint, very unwell or having a seizure. Tell clinicians when symptoms began, whether there has been close contact with illness, and which medicines or vaccines have been given.

Do not share cups, utensils or close personal items while a contagious infection is being considered. Clinicians may arrange tests and start urgent treatment before every result is available.

Get emergency help for severe headache with fever, stiff neck, light sensitivity, repeated vomiting, confusion, a seizure, collapse, unusual sleepiness or a rapidly spreading rash. In a child, seek help for poor feeding, a weak cry, marked irritability or difficulty waking.

Ask: Which type of meningitis is suspected? What tests and treatment are needed now? Do close contacts need advice? When can normal activities resume? Would Meningococcal Vaccination be appropriate for prevention?