What happens if hypoglycaemia is not treated?

Hypoglycaemia is a fall in blood glucose that leaves the brain and muscles without enough readily available fuel. Early warning signs can include shakiness, palpitations, sweating, hunger, dizziness, irritability or nausea. As the level falls, a person may have trouble thinking, behave unusually, develop slurred speech or become very drowsy. Without correction, severe hypoglycaemia may cause a seizure, unconsciousness and injury.

The person may not recognise what is happening, especially after repeated episodes. Alcohol, missed meals, strenuous activity and diabetes medicines can all contribute, so repeated episodes need a review rather than simply treating each event in isolation.

If the person is awake and able to swallow, give a fast-acting sugary drink or glucose treatment according to their diabetes plan, then recheck and follow with food when advised. Never give food or drink to someone who is drowsy, having a seizure or unconscious, because it can enter the airway. Place them on their side, stay with them and seek emergency help. After recovery, arrange a clinical review if the cause is unclear, episodes recur or medicine may need adjustment.

Call emergency services immediately for a seizure, unconsciousness, severe confusion, inability to swallow or symptoms that do not improve promptly after the person follows their agreed treatment plan. Do not let someone with ongoing confusion drive. Urgent assessment is also needed after a fall, head injury or episode with no clear explanation.

Ask what may have triggered the episode, how to recognise your early warning signs, which treatment to carry, and how to adjust food, activity or medicines safely. Ask family members what they should do if you cannot swallow or respond.