What does kidney removal surgery treat?

A nephrectomy removes part of a kidney or the whole kidney. It is commonly considered for kidney cancer when the tumour can be removed surgically. It may also be used for selected upper tract urothelial cancers, which begin in the lining of the kidney drainage system, and for Wilms tumour in children. The operation may include nearby tissue or urinary structures when needed. The choice depends on tumour position, size, spread, the condition of both kidneys, and general health.

Before surgery, the team reviews scans, kidney-function tests, medicines, and other health conditions. Ask whether partial or radical nephrectomy is proposed and why. Afterward, follow instructions about wound care, activity, fluids, and follow-up testing. One healthy remaining kidney can often support body functions, but long-term monitoring helps protect kidney health.

After surgery, contact the team for fever, worsening pain, redness or drainage from the wound, repeated vomiting, shortness of breath, or a marked reduction in urine. Sudden chest pain, fainting, or severe breathing difficulty needs emergency help. Before surgery, rapidly worsening pain, visible blood in urine, or inability to pass urine should be assessed promptly.

Ask whether the goal is to preserve part of the kidney, which structures will be removed, and how the operation may affect kidney function. Ask about alternatives such as tumour ablation when suitable, expected monitoring, recovery milestones, and symptoms that should trigger an urgent call.