What Causes Sciatica?

The sciatic nerve is formed by nerve roots in the lower spine and travels through the buttock and down the leg. Pressure or inflammation along this pathway can produce burning pain, tingling, numbness or weakness on one side. A herniated disc can press on a nerve root. Age-related changes called lumbar spondylosis may narrow the space around nerves, while spinal stenosis can reduce that space further. Spondylolisthesis, in which one spinal bone shifts in relation to another, may also irritate a nerve. Piriformis syndrome is a less common source outside the spine, when the piriformis muscle affects the nerve in the buttock.

Arrange a clinical assessment if leg pain, altered sensation or weakness persists, returns repeatedly or interferes with walking and sleep. A clinician may check your strength, reflexes, sensation, spine movement and walking pattern. Gentle movement is often preferable to prolonged bed rest, but avoid lifting or positions that sharply increase leg symptoms. Treatment depends on the cause and may include activity adjustment, physiotherapy, pain relief or further testing.

Seek urgent medical help for new difficulty controlling urine or stool, numbness around the genitals or inner thighs, rapidly worsening leg weakness, or severe symptoms affecting both legs. Prompt assessment is also sensible after significant injury or when pain occurs with fever or unexplained illness.

Which nerve pattern fits my symptoms? Could a disc or narrowing be contributing? What movements should I limit temporarily, and which exercises are appropriate? What changes would mean I should seek urgent help?