What causes prostatitis?

Acute bacterial prostatitis may develop when bacteria from the urinary tract reach the prostate. A urinary tract infection, difficulty emptying the bladder, or a urinary catheter can make this more likely. Some sexually transmitted infections can also affect the urinary passage and prostate.

Chronic bacterial prostatitis can follow an infection that persists or returns. In chronic pelvic pain syndrome, the prostate area may hurt or feel pressured even when tests do not show bacteria. Pelvic-floor muscle spasm, irritation of nearby nerves, urinary chemicals flowing backward, or a previous infection may contribute. Sometimes no single cause is found. Prostatitis is not the same as prostate cancer, and symptoms alone cannot distinguish the conditions.

Arrange a medical assessment if you have pelvic or lower-back pain, burning when urinating, a weak stream, urinary frequency, pain with ejaculation, or fever. A clinician may ask about recent infections, sexual health, procedures and medicines, then test urine and assess the prostate when appropriate. Treatment depends on whether infection is present; antibiotics do not treat every form of prostatitis.

Until you are assessed, drink normally, avoid activities that clearly worsen pressure or pain, and use only pain medicine that is safe for you. Do not use leftover antibiotics or stop a prescribed course without speaking with the prescriber.

Seek urgent medical help if you cannot pass urine, or if urinary symptoms occur with fever, chills, marked weakness, confusion, vomiting, or severe pain in the pelvis, back or lower abdomen. These features can signal a significant infection or blocked urine flow and need prompt assessment.

Ask whether your symptoms suggest bacterial prostatitis or chronic pelvic pain syndrome, which tests are appropriate, and whether a recent urinary procedure or sexually transmitted infection could be relevant. You can also ask which symptoms should prompt urgent review and how long improvement may take.