What causes hip fracture?

A fracture may affect the upper thigh bone near the hip joint, including the femoral neck or the area just below it. In a stronger bone, a substantial force may be needed. When bone density and strength are reduced, a stumble, twist, or fall from standing height can cause a break.

Balance problems, poor vision, muscle weakness, slippery surfaces, and medicines that cause dizziness can increase the chance of falling. Earlier hip surgery or a direct blow can also contribute. The cause is often a combination of bone vulnerability and the event that loads the hip.

Treat a suspected fracture as an emergency. Keep the person still and supported, avoid trying to straighten the leg or help them walk, and arrange urgent medical transport. Do not give food or drink if surgery may be needed unless an emergency professional advises it.

Hospital assessment may include an examination and imaging. Care can involve stabilising the fracture, controlling pain, treating bone weakness, and planning safe rehabilitation to restore movement and reduce further falls.

Seek emergency care after a fall or impact when there is severe hip or groin pain, inability to stand or bear weight, a shortened or turned-out leg, or sudden loss of movement. Older adults with new hip pain after even a minor fall need prompt assessment.

Ask where the break is located, whether the bone appears weakened, what treatment is appropriate, how movement will be protected, and how fall prevention and bone health will be addressed during recovery.