What Causes Elbow Pain?

Pain on the outer elbow during gripping or lifting often reflects tennis elbow, while pain on the inner side can occur with golfer's elbow. Tender swelling over the bony point at the back may fit olecranon bursitis, especially after repeated leaning or a knock. Elbow osteoarthritis can cause stiffness, aching, and restricted movement. Cubital tunnel syndrome affects the ulnar nerve near the elbow and may cause tingling or numbness in the ring and little fingers, with hand weakness in some people. Sudden pain after a fall, twist, or forceful movement raises concern for an injury.

Reduce the activity that provokes symptoms without keeping the elbow completely still for long periods. Avoid leaning on the elbow, adjust repetitive gripping or throwing, and use a cold pack wrapped in cloth for short intervals if swelling follows activity. A clinician can check movement, tendon tenderness, nerve sensation, and strength; an X-ray or other imaging may be considered when the history suggests joint damage or injury. Physiotherapy can address load management, flexibility, and progressive strengthening. For selected persistent tendon problems, treatments such as shockwave therapy or a PRP injection may be discussed after an examination.

Seek urgent care after an injury if the elbow looks deformed, you cannot move it or use the arm, or your hand becomes cold, pale, or blue. Prompt assessment is also needed for rapidly increasing swelling, spreading redness, fever, drainage, or severe pain out of proportion to the injury. New or worsening hand weakness, persistent numbness, or loss of coordination should be assessed quickly because prolonged nerve pressure can affect function.

Ask: Does the location of my pain point toward a tendon, joint, bursa, or nerve? Which movements should I pause, and which gentle exercises are suitable? Do I need imaging or nerve testing? How will we judge whether physiotherapy is helping? What symptoms would require urgent review?