What causes diabetic foot ulcer?

Peripheral neuropathy can reduce protective sensation, so a person may not notice a blister, cut, burn, or rubbing from footwear. Repeated pressure on a callus or a prominent area of the foot can then damage deeper tissue. Dry skin and changes in foot shape may create further cracks or pressure points.

Type 2 diabetes can affect small blood vessels and the body’s response to infection, which may slow healing. An ulcer is an open break in the skin, not simply a sore spot. Redness, warmth, swelling, drainage, odour, or spreading pain can signal infection, although reduced sensation may make pain less obvious.

Check both feet every day, including between the toes and the soles with a mirror if needed. Wash gently, dry carefully, moisturise dry skin without putting cream between the toes, and wear well-fitting shoes and clean socks. Do not cut a corn yourself or walk barefoot.

If you find a break in the skin, keep it clean and covered with a suitable dressing and arrange prompt clinical assessment. Reduce pressure on the area as advised. A foot-care team can assess circulation, sensation, footwear, wound depth, and infection risk.

Contact a clinician promptly for any new ulcer, even if it looks small or does not hurt. Seek urgent help for spreading redness, warmth or swelling, pus, fever, a black or pale area, a cold foot, severe swelling, or sudden change in colour or shape.

Could reduced sensation or circulation be affecting this wound? How should I dress it and keep pressure off? Do I need assessment for infection, footwear changes, or specialist foot care?