What causes body odour?

Fresh sweat is often not strongly scented. Odour appears when bacteria on the skin break down components of sweat into smelly compounds. Heat, exercise, stress, hormonal changes, tight clothing and trapped moisture can increase the process. Bromhidrosis describes troublesome odour that persists or is unusually strong. Erythrasma can affect moist skin folds, while pitted keratolysis can affect sweaty feet and produce odour with small pits on the soles. Foods, medicines and some medical conditions can also alter body scent, so a new change deserves context rather than blame.

Wash odour-prone areas and dry them thoroughly, especially between the toes and within skin folds. Change damp clothes and socks, choose breathable fabrics and clean shoes regularly. An antiperspirant reduces sweat reaching the skin, while deodorant mainly masks odour; apply products as directed and stop if they irritate. If sweating is the main problem, a clinician may discuss prescription antiperspirant or other treatments such as botulinum toxin injections.

Arrange an assessment if odour persists despite careful washing and dry clothing, begins suddenly, or comes with rash, scaling, pits, pain, discharge or fever. Seek advice when sweating disrupts sleep, work or social life, or when the smell is accompanied by a broader change in health. A clinician can look for infection, excessive sweating, medication effects or another underlying cause.

Ask whether the smell is coming from sweat, an infection or a skin-fold condition, and whether testing is needed. Ask which cleanser, antiperspirant or prescription treatment suits your skin, how to manage irritation and what signs should prompt a follow-up.