What can cause an elevated PSA?

PSA is a protein made by prostate cells. A larger prostate can release more PSA even when cancer is not present. Inflammation or infection may also temporarily increase the amount in the blood, sometimes alongside burning urination, pelvic discomfort or a need to pass urine often.

Recent ejaculation, vigorous cycling, urinary retention or a procedure involving the prostate can affect a reading. Medicines that alter prostate growth may lower PSA and need to be included in the clinical history. Prostate cancer is one possible cause, but an elevated result alone cannot distinguish it from benign or temporary causes.

Tell the clinician about urinary symptoms, fever, recent procedures, ejaculation, cycling and all medicines. They may recommend repeating the [PSA Test](/treatments/cancer-screening/psa-test/) under suitable conditions, then combine the result with an examination, age, prostate size and change over time.

If the result remains concerning, an [MRI Scan](/treatments/diagnostics-and-staging/mri-scan/) may help identify an area that needs closer assessment. A [Biopsy](/treatments/diagnostics-and-staging/biopsy/) is the test that examines prostate tissue when cancer needs to be confirmed.

Seek prompt medical advice for fever with urinary symptoms, inability to pass urine, visible blood in the urine, severe pelvic pain or feeling acutely unwell. These symptoms can indicate infection, retention or another problem needing timely treatment, regardless of the PSA result.

What could explain my result and should it be repeated? Could my medicines or a recent infection have affected it? Do I need an MRI Scan or Biopsy? Which urinary symptoms should lead me to seek help sooner?