What are the treatment options for patellar dislocation?

A dislocation happens when the kneecap moves out of the groove at the front of the thighbone. A clinician may first assess alignment, swelling, movement and possible bone or cartilage injury. If the kneecap is still out of place, it needs prompt medical reduction rather than forceful self-treatment.

After reduction, care commonly involves protecting the knee with a brace, managing swelling, and gradually restoring motion. Physiotherapy works on quadriceps and hip control, balance and movement habits. MPFL reconstruction may be discussed when the kneecap repeatedly slips, when a supporting ligament is significantly injured, or when bone shape and alignment contribute to instability.

Seek urgent care after a new dislocation, a visibly misplaced kneecap, inability to straighten the knee, severe swelling, numbness, a cold foot, or a suspected fracture. Do not try to push the kneecap back yourself. Keep the leg supported and avoid walking until assessed.

Ask whether the kneecap was reduced fully, whether imaging is needed to check bone or cartilage, how long a brace is appropriate, and which movements should wait. If instability has happened before, ask what findings would make MPFL reconstruction more suitable.