What are the treatment options for osteopenia?

Osteopenia means bone density is lower than expected for healthy bone but does not automatically mean that a fracture is imminent. The plan considers bone-density results, age, previous fractures, medicines and health conditions. Your clinician may also look for reversible contributors such as low vitamin D or limited physical activity.

[Strength Training Rehabilitation](/treatments/physiotherapy-and-rehabilitation/strength-training-rehabilitation/) can develop muscle support and loading in a controlled way, with balance work where appropriate. [Calcium Supplementation](/treatments/non-surgical-orthopedics/calcium-supplementation/) may be advised when food intake is insufficient, while [Vitamin D Supplementation](/treatments/medical-management/vitamin-d-supplementation/) is used when intake or levels need attention. Avoid smoking, limit alcohol and use safe lifting and fall-aware habits. Do not start supplements without reviewing your medicines and health history.

Book a review after a fracture from a minor fall, new persistent bone or back pain, loss of height or a sudden change in mobility. Urgent assessment is needed after a serious fall, inability to bear weight or severe new back pain.

Ask whether your diet provides enough calcium, whether vitamin D should be checked, which exercises are safe, when bone density should be reviewed, and how your medicines affect bone health.