What are the treatment options for head lice?

Head lice live on the scalp and feed on blood. Itching may occur, but a diagnosis is made by finding a live louse rather than relying on scalp irritation alone. Nits attached to hair can remain after lice are gone, so they do not by themselves prove an active infestation. Lice spread mainly through close head-to-head contact.

Use a product recommended by a pharmacist or clinician and follow its instructions closely, including whether a repeat application is needed. [Head Lice Treatment](/treatments/medical-dermatology/head-lice-treatment/) can help you choose an appropriate approach. Wet combing with conditioner and a fine-toothed comb can remove live lice and nits when repeated carefully. Check household members and close contacts, treating people with live lice according to advice. Wash or isolate recently used hair items, but extensive house cleaning is not usually needed. [Head Lice](/conditions/head-lice/) explains the condition, while a [GP Consultation](/treatments/consultations-and-assessment/gp-consultation/) can help when the diagnosis is uncertain.

Seek medical advice if live lice remain after correctly following treatment, the scalp is sore or infected, or the person affected is very young, pregnant, or has a skin condition requiring special care. Get help when repeated itching has caused open sores, crusting, or oozing.

How can I confirm that these are live lice? Which treatment suits my age, scalp, and medicines? When should I repeat it, and how should I check close contacts?