What are the treatment options for bowel cancer?

The team first establishes where the cancer began, how far it has spread, and whether it can be removed safely. Bowel resection removes the affected section and nearby tissue; some people need a temporary or longer-term stoma. If disease has reached the liver, liver resection may be considered in selected cases.

Chemotherapy can be given before or after surgery, or used when cancer has spread. Radiotherapy is used more often for cancers in the rectum than for cancers in the colon. Genomic tumour profiling examines features that may help identify targeted therapy or immunotherapy options. Follow-up continues after active treatment.

Ask for the proposed sequence in writing: tests, surgery, medicines, radiation, and recovery. Tell the team about bowel changes, appetite, weight change, other illnesses, and all medicines. If surgery is planned, ask about bowel preparation, possible stoma care, nutrition, and how activity will be rebuilt.

If medicine treatment is offered, ask which result makes it suitable, how it will be given, and which side effects require a call. A second specialist opinion can be useful when choices are complex or major surgery is being considered.

Seek urgent advice for persistent vomiting, severe or worsening abdominal pain, a swollen abdomen, inability to pass stool or gas, heavy rectal bleeding, fever, or dehydration. After treatment, sudden breathlessness, chest pain, confusion, or a painful swollen leg needs emergency assessment.

Is surgery possible, and what bowel function should I expect afterwards? Do I need genomic tumour profiling? Would treatment before surgery help? Which medicines match my tumour findings? If the cancer involves the liver, could liver resection be discussed?