What are the symptoms of tennis elbow?

Tennis elbow is irritation of the tendons that attach forearm muscles to the outer elbow. Symptoms often build gradually after repeated gripping, lifting, typing, racquet sports, or manual work. Turning a handle, opening a jar, raising a cup, or extending the wrist can reproduce the pain. The outer elbow may be sore to touch, and forearm discomfort or reduced grip confidence may interfere with daily tasks. The name does not mean that playing tennis is required; several activities can load these tendons.

Reduce or modify the activity that repeatedly provokes pain, while keeping gentle movement within tolerance. Avoid gripping tightly for long periods and review tools, keyboard position, or technique if they contribute. Arrange an assessment when symptoms persist, recur, or affect work and sleep. Physiotherapy and exercise therapy can build tendon capacity gradually. Other options, including shockwave therapy, PRP injection, or a cortisone injection, need a clinician’s assessment because suitability depends on the diagnosis and treatment goals.

Seek prompt care after a major injury, sudden loss of arm strength, visible deformity, marked swelling, or inability to move the elbow. Urgent assessment is also warranted for spreading numbness, a cold or discoloured hand, fever with a hot swollen joint, or pain that is rapidly worsening.

Does the tenderness match a tendon problem? Which activities should I change at work or during sport? What exercises can I start safely? When would imaging or an injection be considered, and how will progress be monitored?