What are the symptoms of premature ovarian insufficiency?

The ovaries may release eggs less consistently and produce less oestrogen than expected before the usual age of menopause. Periods can become widely spaced or stop. Lower oestrogen may bring heat surges, night sweating, sleep changes, reduced sexual comfort, or vaginal dryness. Trouble getting pregnant can occur because ovulation is less predictable. Symptoms vary, and some people notice menstrual changes before any other sign.

Arrange an appointment if periods become irregular or stop, especially when pregnancy is possible or you are trying to conceive. A clinician may ask about your cycle pattern, symptoms, medicines, family history, and previous ovarian or autoimmune problems. Assessment can include pregnancy testing, hormone blood tests, and other checks to look for possible explanations. Do not assume that a missed period is POI; stress, weight change, thyroid problems, and anovulation can also affect cycles.

Seek prompt medical advice for periods that stop unexpectedly, new severe pelvic pain, heavy bleeding, or symptoms of pregnancy with pain or bleeding. Contact a clinician sooner if hot flushes or vaginal dryness disturb sleep, sex, or daily activities. Urgent help is needed for fainting, severe pain, or heavy bleeding with weakness.

Ask what tests are suitable, whether your symptoms could reflect POI or another condition, how fertility should be assessed, and whether hormone treatment or vaginal moisturising options may help.