What are the symptoms of meningitis?

Symptoms can develop quickly and may not all appear together. A person may become very unwell with fever, headache, vomiting, marked sleepiness, irritability or difficulty concentrating. Neck stiffness and discomfort in bright light are concerning features. In babies, signs may include poor feeding, unusual drowsiness, a high-pitched cry or a bulging soft spot. A rash may be absent, so do not wait for one.

Meningitis symptoms require emergency medical assessment. Call emergency services rather than arranging routine care, and describe the symptoms and how quickly they began. Do not drive someone who is confused, having a seizure or too unwell to travel safely. Keep checking their breathing and responsiveness while help is coming.

Seek emergency help immediately for fever with a severe headache or stiff neck, confusion, a seizure, repeated vomiting, unusual difficulty waking, breathing problems or a rapidly spreading rash. Symptoms can worsen rapidly, including in someone who was recently well.

After emergency assessment, ask what caused the illness, which warning signs require a return to hospital, and whether close contacts need advice. Discuss meningococcal vaccination when prevention is relevant.