What are the symptoms of knee osteoarthritis?

Pain may increase with standing, walking, squatting, or stairs and ease when the knee rests, although it can later affect sleep or quiet activities. The knee may feel stiff when you first move after sitting, and it may be harder to fully straighten or bend it. Mild swelling, a grinding or clicking feeling, and a sense that the leg is less steady can occur. A limp may develop when pain or restricted movement changes your walking pattern. These symptoms can overlap with injuries and other conditions, so they do not confirm the cause by themselves.

Book a clinical review if pain persists, swelling recurs, or everyday tasks such as stairs, dressing, or walking become difficult. Assessment usually combines your history with an examination of movement, strength, alignment, and tenderness. A tailored exercise programme can support strength and joint movement; pacing, suitable footwear, and weight management may also reduce strain. Medication or an injection may be discussed, while partial, robotic, or total knee replacement is reserved for symptoms that remain seriously limiting after other options.

Get urgent help for a suddenly swollen, hot, or red knee with fever, a major injury, inability to bear weight, or a knee that becomes stuck. Seek prompt assessment for new calf swelling or breathlessness. Arrange routine care when pain steadily worsens, your walking changes, or symptoms begin limiting work or sleep.

What other causes should be considered for my swelling or stiffness? Which exercises and activities are appropriate for my current movement? When would an injection or replacement discussion become reasonable?