What are the symptoms of endometriosis?

Endometriosis is tissue similar to the womb lining growing outside the womb. Pain may start before a period, become stronger during bleeding, or continue between periods. It can affect the lower abdomen, back, or pelvis and may be felt during sex. Some people have pain with bowel movements or urination, especially around menstruation, as well as bloating, nausea, or tiredness.

Symptoms vary widely. Severe pain is not required, and the amount of pain does not reliably show how much endometriosis is present. Trouble getting pregnant can occur, sometimes alongside blocked fallopian tubes, but pain and fertility changes also have other possible causes.

Keep a symptom diary that records cycle timing, pain location, bowel or bladder changes, sex-related pain, bleeding, and the effect on work or sleep. A clinician may use your history, examination, ultrasound, or other tests to guide care. Treatment can include pain relief, hormonal treatment such as the Combined Pill, or surgery in selected situations. Discuss fertility plans early if pregnancy is a goal.

Arrange an appointment if period pain is worsening, affects daily activities, pain occurs during sex, or you have ongoing pelvic symptoms or trouble getting pregnant. Seek urgent help for sudden severe pain, fainting, fever, vomiting, or heavy bleeding, especially if pregnancy is possible.

Could endometriosis explain the timing and location of my pain? What tests are useful for me? Which treatment fits my symptoms and fertility plans? When should I seek urgent help if the pain changes?