What are the risk factors for sinusitis?

The sinuses are air-filled spaces around the nose. When their openings swell or become blocked, mucus cannot drain normally and pressure, congestion and facial discomfort may follow. A common cold is a frequent trigger, while allergic rhinitis can keep the nasal lining inflamed and make blockage more likely. Nasal polyps, a deviated nasal septum or other narrow passages can restrict drainage. Smoke and other irritants may inflame the nose. Dental infection can sometimes affect nearby sinuses. These factors raise risk but do not prove that a person's symptoms are sinusitis; facial pain and congestion can have other causes.

Rest, drink enough fluid and avoid smoke while symptoms settle. Saline nasal rinses may help clear mucus when used with safe water and clean equipment. Managing allergic rhinitis can reduce repeated nasal swelling, so discuss suitable treatment with a clinician or pharmacist. Seek an assessment if symptoms are severe, keep returning, or fail to improve after a cold. Antibiotics are not suitable for every episode because many cases follow viral inflammation.

Arrange prompt care for swelling around an eye, vision changes, a severe headache, neck stiffness, confusion, marked facial swelling or a high fever with rapidly worsening symptoms. Seek medical advice for persistent one-sided blockage, repeated episodes, bloody discharge or symptoms in someone with a weakened immune system. These features may need examination to check for complications or another cause.

Could allergies, a nasal polyp or another blockage be affecting drainage? Do I need an examination or treatment for infection? How can I prevent repeated episodes?