What are the risk factors for gout?

Gout develops when urate crystals collect in and around a joint. The body makes urate when it breaks down purines, and the kidneys normally remove much of it. [Chronic Kidney Disease](/conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/) can reduce that clearance. [Obesity](/conditions/obesity/) is associated with metabolic changes that can raise urate levels. Family history, dehydration, alcohol, and frequent intake of purine-rich foods may also contribute. Some water tablets and other medicines can alter urate handling.

A risk factor does not diagnose gout. A hot, swollen joint can have other causes, including infection, so a new attack deserves medical assessment.

Ask a clinician to review kidney function, medicines, and any previous episodes before changing treatment. Drink regularly unless you have been given fluid restrictions. Gradual weight management, balanced meals, and limiting alcohol may reduce triggers for some people. Do not stop a prescribed medicine on your own. During a painful flare, rest the joint and seek advice about appropriate treatment.

Arrange a review for a first suspected attack, repeated flares, or persistent joint swelling. Seek urgent care for fever with a hot, very painful joint, rapidly spreading redness, or feeling acutely unwell, because joint infection needs prompt treatment and can resemble gout.

Could my kidney function or medicines affect urate? Do I need a urate test or joint assessment? Which foods, drinks, or activity changes fit my health needs? What is the plan for preventing further attacks?