What are the risk factors for asthma?

Asthma develops when the airways become overly sensitive and narrow in response to triggers. Allergic conditions such as [Allergic Rhinitis](/conditions/allergic-rhinitis/) can occur alongside asthma, and sensitivity to indoor allergens such as [House Dust Mite Allergy](/conditions/house-dust-mite-allergy/) may contribute. Smoke, dust, fumes, cold air, infections and some workplace substances can irritate airways. A family tendency can matter, but asthma can affect people without a known family history. A risk factor is not a diagnosis.

Keep a simple record of wheeze, cough, chest tightness and possible triggers. Avoid tobacco smoke and improve ventilation when using cleaning products, paints or strong fragrances. If dust seems to trigger symptoms, wash bedding regularly and reduce bedroom dust; a clinician can help tailor measures for your home. Discuss recurring symptoms, night waking or exercise-related breathing trouble with a healthcare professional. If asthma is diagnosed, learn how and when to use your inhaler and keep an up-to-date action plan.

Seek emergency help if breathing is rapidly worsening, speaking is difficult, lips look blue or grey, you feel faint, or your reliever inhaler is not helping as directed. Sit upright and follow your asthma action plan while waiting. New wheezing or breathlessness also deserves assessment, particularly if it interferes with sleep or ordinary activity. Read more about [Asthma](/conditions/asthma/).

Could allergies or my workplace be affecting my breathing? Which symptoms should I record? How can I check my inhaler technique? What is my emergency action plan?