What are the risk factors for anovulation?

Anovulation means an ovary does not release an egg during a cycle. The brain, pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal glands and ovaries coordinate the hormones involved, so disruption at any point can affect ovulation. Polycystic ovary syndrome can disturb the usual hormone pattern. Very low energy availability, rapid weight change, restrictive eating, heavy training or prolonged stress can also suppress the brain signals that support ovulation. Thyroid disease and raised prolactin are other possible contributors. Premature ovarian insufficiency can reduce ovarian activity earlier than expected. Some medicines and chronic health conditions may contribute as well.

Note cycle gaps, bleeding patterns, breast discharge, acne, excess facial hair, hot flushes, weight changes and exercise or eating changes. If periods are absent or unpredictable, a clinician may review pregnancy possibility, medicines and health history, and order hormone tests. Depending on the situation, they may assess thyroid function, prolactin, ovarian hormones or androgen levels. Treatment focuses on the underlying factor and on whether your priority is cycle protection, symptom control or pregnancy.

Arrange medical advice for repeatedly irregular cycles, no periods, difficulty becoming pregnant, new milky breast discharge, or symptoms such as hot flushes and vaginal dryness. Seek prompt care for severe headache or vision changes alongside menstrual disruption. A missed period has many possible explanations, so it does not by itself establish anovulation.

Ask which causes fit your history, which blood tests are useful, and whether an ultrasound or ovulation tracking would add information. Discuss how exercise, nutrition, stress, thyroid health or medication could be affecting your cycles, and what plan matches your fertility goals.