What are the first signs of breast cancer?

A breast lump is a common presentation of breast cancer, but many lumps are caused by benign changes. Other possible signs include an area that becomes firm or swollen, dimpling or tethering of the skin, a nipple turning inward, persistent scaling, or discharge that is especially unusual for you. Breast cancer can also be found on imaging before a person notices a change.

A clinician examines the breast and nearby lymph nodes, then chooses tests according to the finding. A mammogram, breast MRI, or targeted imaging may be used; a breast biopsy is the test that examines tissue when cancer needs to be confirmed.

Book a clinical appointment for a new or persistent breast change rather than waiting for it to disappear. Note when it appeared, whether it varies with your menstrual cycle, and whether there is discharge, pain, redness, or skin change. Continue any screening advised for your age and personal risk.

Seek prompt medical care for a rapidly changing breast, marked redness or swelling, fever with breast symptoms, a new hard or fixed lump, bloody nipple discharge, or an inverted nipple that is a new change. Urgent review is also appropriate when swelling extends into the armpit.

Ask which finding needs investigation, whether a mammogram or breast MRI is suitable, and when a breast biopsy would be considered. If cancer is diagnosed, ask about its type, stage, treatment choices, and whether family history suggests testing for a BRCA gene mutation.