What are the alternatives to mammogram?

Breast ultrasound uses sound waves and can help assess a palpable lump or an area that needs closer examination. It can distinguish fluid-filled from solid areas, but it does not answer every screening or diagnostic question on its own.

Breast MRI uses a magnetic field and may show additional detail, often with contrast. It can be useful for selected high-risk assessments or when other imaging leaves an unresolved question. It may not be suitable for everyone, including some people with certain implanted devices or kidney problems.

3D mammography, breast tomosynthesis, and a digital mammography system are mammography approaches rather than wholly different tests. They still use X-rays, although the image acquisition and reconstruction differ. The choice may also depend on breast density and the reason for imaging.

Tell the clinician whether the scan is for screening, a new lump, nipple discharge, skin change, pain, or follow-up of a previous finding. Mention pregnancy or breastfeeding, implants, metal devices, kidney disease, and any previous breast cancer diagnosis. Do not substitute an alternative without checking whether it can answer the question being asked.

Arrange prompt clinical assessment for a new breast lump, bloody nipple discharge, a nipple that turns inward newly, skin dimpling, or a change that persists. A breast lump is a common presentation of breast cancer, but many breast lumps have other causes; imaging is used to clarify the finding.

Is my imaging for screening or to investigate a symptom? Would ultrasound or MRI answer the same question? Do I need a mammography-based test as well, and how will an unclear result be followed up?